Cash-on-cash return = annual pre-tax cash flow ÷ total cash invested. The leveraged-return number that landlords actually live on.
Cash invested
Income & expenses
Loan (optional)
Result
Cash-on-cash return
4.54%
Monthly cash flow
$212.05
Annual cash flow
$2,545
Monthly P&I
$997.95
Cash invested
$56,000
What's a good cash-on-cash return?
Most US rental investors target 8–12% cash-on-cash in year one. At higher interest rates the bar shifts down — 4–6% is realistic in 2024-2025 markets unless you have a low-rate assumable loan, an off-market price, or a value-add component.